Thursday, September 3, 2020

Internet Pornography Censorship vs Free Speech -- Internet Pornography

The Internet is an overall system of PCs and databases that has advanced quickly lately. Colossal measures of data are transmitted and are genuinely simple to acquire. Despite the fact that in the past the data accessible was generally instructive and business arranged, as of late it has gotten significantly more assorted and questions have been raised with regards to the fittingness of the substance being seen and devoured. Another issue is whether the legislature should play a functioning job in controlling it, particularly with regards to sex entertainment, or cyberporn, as it is more ordinarily alluded to when it is shown on the Internet. Ought to cyberporn be edited? Assuming this is the case, who is mindful, guardians or the legislature? Is Internet restriction the arrangement, or an infringement of the main alteration? The residents of a vote based system must settle on these sorts of choices while at the same time keeping up opportunity and obligation on the Internet. Foundation OF THE PROBLEM Erotic entertainment on the Internet and the simplicity at which it very well may be gotten to has been an exceptionally disputable issue, particularly over the most recent ten years. The Internet was to a great extent unregulated until 1996 when the Communication Decency Act, a part of the Telecommunications demonstration, was proposed. The Communication Decency Act, or the CDA, made it unlawful to make or request any picture or message that was â€Å"obscene† or â€Å"indecent†. (Wekesser 106), But how would we characterize terms with a vagueness, for example, these. The Court in Miller-developed the cutting edge meaning of â€Å"obscene†: The essential rules of the trier of actuality must be must be: (a) regardless of whether â€Å"the normal individual, applying contemporary network standards† would find that the work, taken all in all, bids to the vulgar... ... a majority rules system must accomplish a fair compromise. I concur that a great part of the cyberporn that is achievable is improper, particularly when it includes kids in even a remotely sexual way. In any case, oversight isn't the appropriate response. We should figure out how to rehearse opportunity of articulation while keeping up fairness and accepting accountability, as people, for our kids. List of sources: Works Cited Elmer-Dewitt, Philip (1995) â€Å"On A Screen Near You: Cyberporn.† Time, July 1995 Portage, Marrin, Esposito, Witmeyer and Gleser, Can Congress Censor The Internet? L.L.P., 1996 Simon, Glenn E. (1998), â€Å"Cyberporn and restriction: protected boundaries to forestalling access to Internet erotic entertainment by minors.† Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, v88 n3 p1015-1048. Wekesser, Carol. (1997). Erotic entertainment: restricting perspectives. California: Greenhaven Press, Inc.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

If You Let People Into Your Life a Little Bit, They Can Be Pretty Damn Amazing

In the event that you let individuals into your life a smidgen, they can be entirely damn astounding In this part, Arnold wears one of his dad’s old polyester suits and takes Penelope to the Winter Formal with just five dollars in his pocket. After the move, a gathering of young men welcome Arnold and Penelope for certain nourishments. At the café, Arnold arranges loads of nourishment for Penelope and himself, he thinks it’s his last dinner before execution as he has no cash at all to pay all the nourishments. Later Arnold requests to acquire some money from Roger and pays for the nourishments. Penelope later inquires as to whether he is poor, and Arnold react sincerely. He says yes. Penelope kisses him on the cheek and cries. Have you at any point met the circumstance when you inform somebody regarding something, and they were completely energized in light of the fact that they have totally concurrence with you all things considered? Indeed, I have. When I was doing Summer School, I had no companion in my group, I didn’t know anyone. There was a young lady sitting adjacent to me, and we didn’t truly converse with one another until the third week. None of us at any point began a subject to discuss. So one day, I felt it’s truly been quite a while since Summer School begins, I need a few companions without a doubt! So I began with some arbitrary themes to discuss, and when I ask her what she gets a kick out of the chance to do in her extra time, I was flabbergasted. She has the absolutely same enthusiasm as me, she enjoys playing softball and golf, and furthermore she’s an amateur at those games, as am I! So we wound up spend time with each and play sports together at some point in the end of the week. I would not have her as my companion on the off chance that I never began conversing with a sentence like â€Å"Hello, how right? † We become extremely close from that point forward, and even now we are still in contact, we once in a while hang out, head out to films. We share a great deal for all intents and purpose to discuss. Here and there in the event that you let yourself be somewhat dynamic, and converse with certain individuals about yourself, you may discover you folks share a ton practically speaking to discuss, and that individual may have same interests as you do. You simply should be kind to everybody, to acknowledge everybody in your life, to be amicable with them, you may wind up have heaps of closest companions. Envision your reality loaded with closest companions who share a great deal practically speaking with you, have parcels to discuss. Isn’t it quite astounding?

Friday, August 21, 2020

African slavery and African Catholicism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

African bondage and African Catholicism - Essay Example Numerous history specialists and researchers hold that the mastery of European standard in Africa caused African bondage and the improvement of African Catholicism. In any case, there is a lot of proof demonstrating that the advancement of African bondage and African Catholicism happened because of profound established African frameworks and a previously settled customary type of religion. It will likewise give proof of the roots and advancement of African bondage. Roots and Development of African Catholicism and African Slavery Many researchers see Christianity in Kongo, particularly Catholicism as a remote religion presented by the colonizers during the fifteenth and sixteenth hundreds of years. Moreover, these researchers regularly regard this type of religion as serving the interests of outsiders more than the indigenous Kongo individuals. The aftereffect of this affirmation is that Christianity neglected the freedom of Kongo individuals. Also, this made most history specialists see the regarded presented Christianity as a type of colonization and control by the Portuguese in Kongo. In addition, these students of history additionally affirm that the transformation of Kongo to Christianity and the improvement of African Catholicism was an immediate impact of westernization of Kongo (Thornton, 147). The historical backdrop of religion and African Catholicism was very unique in relation to the declarations of these antiquarians and researchers. The transformation of Kongo in to Christianity was under a through and through freedom. Thus, it is clear that the Kongo individuals and pioneers exceptionally decided the structure of the congregation and its principles just as practices. It is additionally clear that the Portuguese endeavored to control the congregation under political terms. In any case, this was unrealistic since Kongo profoundly controlled the exercises and practices of the congregation. Despite the fact that contemporary investigations uncover tha t there was significant syncretism in Christian tenets in Kongo, the European ministry who visited Kongo, remembered it as ordinary (Thornton, 148). On account of African subjection, there are misguided judgments by most researchers with regards to what provoked slave exchange the district. The majority of these researchers thought about the underlying foundations of African subjection as a result of monetary underdevelopment in Africa, in which constrained work ruled the economy as opposed to free work. Be that as it may, this was not the case but rather there was the soul of bondage established somewhere down in the African institutional and legitimate structures of networks of Africa. Likewise, this sort of bondage happened uniquely in contrast to the type of servitude in Europe. The principle reason that subjection happened broadly in the Atlantic Africa was that in African law, slaves were the main perceived type of private proprietorship. It turned out to be extremely unreason able in the African culture in light of the fact that there needed landed private property (Thornton, 74). The fuse of Christianity as a piece of indigenous religion is the principle reason it endure and thus the documentation of the faction dates from the mid sixteenth century to the current day. In the nineteenth century, Christianity quickly vanished from Kongo. Be that as it may, the vanishing was not because of a need with respect to Kongo, a disappointment with respect to the ministry or a resurgence of smothered nearby religion. Or maybe, it was a direct result of the changing definition among European church including Rome concerning what made up Christianity, together with increasingly bullheaded perspectives towards non-Western and especially frontier people groups that occurred after I850 (Thornton, 148). In African law, one could just set up a case on an item through tax collection and subjection as opposed to through the fiction of land proprietorship. Be that as it may , this didn't make the African lawful framework in reverse or populist, yet just legitimately disparate. Because of this

Monday, June 8, 2020

Uncertainty In The Hamlets Story - Free Essay Example

Literary composers often employ different tools to emphasize on their primary purposes. Writers often use the tools to meet their requirements and make a play appear dramatic or tragic. William Shakespeares play, Hamlet, is one of the most prominent works of its time. Similar to its pioneers, the play is a tragedy that follows drama in the kingdom of Denmark. The main characters have constant conflict with themselves and one another. Shakespeare uses certain aspects of uncertainty to emphasize on the traits of his characters. Furthermore, the context of the story also introduces drama and suspense throughout the play until the tragic end. Although the play is full of tension, the end surprises the reader. Correctly, the writer uses the context, the ambiance, and the events to create uncertainty and magnify the behaviors of primary characters. The play follows the kingdom of Denmark at its peak of confusion since the king is deceased. Apparently, the kings brother, Claudius, marries his brothers wife, Gertrude moments after the death of the king. Therefore, when the prince returns to his home country, he is appalled by the events since he concludes that Claudius and Gertrude colluded to kill his father. Thus, he embarks on a mission to avenge his fathers death. A notable incident occurs at the initial act whereby the prince, Hamlet, sees a ghost of his father (Shakespeare 30). The ghost fuels the vengeance plot, and the prince tries to investigate the murder to affirm his suspicion. In the end, all characters in the play suffer a series of deaths due to the initial plan.The play is set at a time when the social and family constraints in the story create uncertainty; hence, characteristics of main actors are revealed. Main characters in the story include Hamlet, Gertrude, and Claudius. The context of this story is Denmark after the death of the beloved king, Hamlets father. Aside from the mysterious death of the king, the people are forced to embrace another leader before they can moan the previous ones. The people have lost a popular king, and his brother interrupts the lineage when he takes over the leadership, yet the kings son is still alive. At the time, the kings killer is unknown, and the people are afraid. The context shows that Hamlet is a defender and is passionate about avenging his fathers death. On the contrary, Gertrude and Claudius appear as insensitive individuals, greedy, and murderers of the king. The two marry moments after the king dies, which makes them suspects for the murder. In brief, the context creates tension and uncertainty in the play; therefore, it highlights the characteristics of Hamlet, Gertrude, and Claudius. The ambiance of the play also introduces uncertainty in the play and emphasizes the characteristics of the main characters. The mood of the play indicates tension within the family, individuals, and the social setting. Events and circumstances in the story create tension among the characters; for example, Gertrudes marriage to her husbands brother introduces awkwardness in the story. In this case, the servants and the public are expected to respect the royal family, but the marriage raises suspicions among people. Therefore, the reader is uncertain whethe r the two had an affair and killed the king or he died under different circumstances. Hamlets reaction to the marriage indicates that he is skeptical about women including Ophelia (Shakespeare 59). The mood of the play shows Hamlets judgmental character when he confronts his mother about the marriage. Gertrude and her new husband appear inconsiderate and insensitive as they wed immediately after the death of the king. Markedly, the ambiance of the story is grim, and it emphasizes the uncertainty and characteristics of Hamlet, Gertrude, and Claudius.Besides the ambiance, the plot emphasizes uncertainty and characteristics of Hamlet, Gertrude, and Claudius. As the story begins, the prince feels depressed and commits a series of heinous acts. The prince says that the ghost of the king encourages him to avenge the death. In the story, the prince questions the credibility of the ghost when he fails to gather enough evidence on the matter. As the plot unfolds, Shakespeare introduces a play within a play, and the kings reaction confirms the princes suspicions. Claudiuss manipulations make Ophelias brother seek vengeance for his fathers death; in this regard, all major characters die. The plot introduces uncertainty through the odd occurrences. At the same time, the writer uses the uncertainty from the plot to portray Hamlet as a patient and cunning individual. Shakespeare also uses the plot to introduce uncertainty that portrays Claudius as a killer. Shakespeare uses the plot, ambiance, and the context to introduce uncertainty and emphasize on the characteristics of the three main characters, namely Hamlet, Gertrude, and Claudius. The context is a kingdom where the king has died, and no one knows the cause of his death. Such an uncertain setting portrays Hamlet as a passionate individual while the new king and queen appear greedy and potential killers. Next, the author uses ambiance to introduce uncertainty while the prince appears judgemental, the new rulers appear insensitive and inconsiderate. Lastly, the plot appears unpredictable and confusing since matters escalate fast. In this regard, Hamlet appears patient and cunning since he plans his fathers vengeance while he deceives the other characters. The new rulers appear to have conspired to kill the king. Markedly, Shakespeare uses the three elements to maintain uncertainty in the story, and emphasize on the traits of Hamlet, the new king, and queen.

Sunday, May 17, 2020

Personal Statement My Project Outcomes - 1423 Words

Generally speaking, my project outcomes were satisfying. I achieved successes but I also encountered some problems and pitfalls. When I published the first part of my book, I managed to sell four books in one day, just by posting a message to my followers on Twitter (See Appendix J). My fear was that my readers were not going to respond well to the launch of my ebook. But it was an unjustified fear. Indeed, I was surprised and happy to see the number of engagement on Twitter. One interesting fact is that just by selling four books in one day, I was the number one in the â€Å"Top 100† for free books about music. The next day, my ebook was also number thirteen on the â€Å"Top 100† for a most general list : Music, Art and Cinema (See Appendix J).†¦show more content†¦In spite of this, I would rather wait until I obtain a genuine review on my book, even if it might take a lot of time. Indeed, according to Nicolas Kapler, only 0,1% to 0,3% of people will post a review on Amazon about a book (Kapler, 2012). One of the major problem that I encountered was the problem of book sales. I had to sell twenty copies of my book in a short timescale. However, by reading forums and people s blogs, I realised that selling twenty books might be more difficult that I thought it would be. Indeed, apparently a lot of people are selling one or two books per week, even if the book is at only 0,99 euros (kdp.forum, 2011). But obviously, marketing is playing an extremely important role, and it also depends on the genre of the book. In the light of my colleagues experience, I thought that I would never be able to sell the required number of books before the deadline. Consequently, I had to find a solution to boost the sales of my book. I figured out that KDP Select could offer me a solution; indeed, the program is allowing me to give my book for free during five days maximum, over a period of ninety days. The solution that I used in order to promote the book was the following one : I offered my book for free during a period of two days. As a result, I sold nine books in fourty-eight hours. Over the course of this project, I learned and reinforced a good number of skills. Firstly, I wasShow MoreRelatedApplying Personal Managerial Accounting Problems1296 Words   |  6 PagesExperience to My Courses Oluyemisi Banwo Sullivan University MGT 596/597/696/697: Graduate Externship Class November 9, 2015 Courses I am Taking This Quarter Currently I am taking two non-externship classes. They are: 1. ACT510Z-AGAC02S-01-Accounting Theory for Management Decisions, by Dr. Miller which is a hybrid class; and 2. FIN540X-A1-07-Managerial Finance by Dr. Anne which is a fully online class Outcomes from my first course ACT510Z to My Workplace The course outcomes for the ACT510Z-AGAC02S-01-AccountingRead MoreLeadership Style And Personal Strengths Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesUsing Leadership Style and Personal Strengths to Succeed in a Doctoral Program Leadership is an important outcome of the doctor of nursing practice (DNP) program (Zaccagnini White, 2014). Measurement tools are available that identify leadership style (Clark, 2010) and personal talents, called Signature Themes (Gallup, Inc., 2010). When leadership style and personal strengths are identified, they can be maximized to achieve success (Clark, 2010; Gallup, Inc., 2010). This paper provides both aRead MoreHow Does Social Media Affect The Fashion Industry?1403 Words   |  6 PagesAFFECT THE FASHION INDUSTRY? Summary: The essence of my Research Project was to determine the effectiveness of using social media in the fashion industry. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Adolf Hitler Essay 20 - 6213 Words

INTRODUCTION Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945), German political and military leader and one of the 20th centurys most powerful dictators. Hitler converted Germany into a fully militarized society and launched World War II in 1939 (see Federal Republic of Germany). He made anti-Semitism a keystone of his propaganda and policies and built the Nazi Party (see National Socialism) into a mass movement. He hoped to conquer the entire world, and for a time dominated most of Europe and much of North Africa. He instituted sterilization and euthanasia measures to enforce his idea of racial purity among German people and caused the slaughter of millions of Jews, Sinti and Roma (Gypsies), Slavic peoples, and many others, all of whom he considered inferior.†¦show more content†¦Hitler saw trench warfare as a form of the struggle for survival among races, a struggle that he was coming to see as the essence of existence. At the same time, his anti-Semitic feelings were growing extreme. When Germ any was defeated in 1918, Hitler was lying in a military hospital, temporarily blinded by mustard gas. He decided Jews had caused Germanys defeat and that he would enter politics to save the country. Hitler returned to Munich after the war. He was selected to be a political speaker by the local army headquarters, given special training, and provided with opportunities to practice his public speaking before returning prisoners of war. His speaking successes led to his selection as an observer of political groups in the Munich area. In this capacity, he investigated the German Workers PartyÂâ€"one of the many nationalist, racist groups that developed in Munich in the postwar years. C Beginnings of the Nazi Party The German Workers Party, later renamed the National Socialist German Workers Party (abbreviated NSDAP or Nazi Party), became Hitlers political focus. Here he found an outlet for his talents in political agitation and party organization. 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Conflict Resolution at the Workplace

Question: Discuss about the Conflict Resolution at the Workplace. Answer: Introduction Workplace Related Conflict The conflict at the workplace involved the disagreement between the staff of the accounts department and the marketing department. At work we have a bulk photocopy machine that technically is situated close to the accounts department since they are the ones who use it the most. It is meant for use by the whole company and is not under the control of any given department. The staff of the marketing department wanted to urgently use the photocopy machine for promotional fliers they wanted to distribute, while the accounts department was preparing documents to be presented to a group of potential investors. There was a near fist fight over who had the right of use, with the accounts department claiming right of first use due to its proximity to their department. Steps taken toManage the Conflict and Prevent the Reoccurrence First I calmed down both sides who were matching at each other, then switched off the photocopy machine. This managed to get their attention and then I called for a meeting inside my office as the manager. I called for all the staff concerned of the two department s together with their supervisors. I gave each side the opportunity to choose one person as their spokes person to present their side of the cause of conflict. Having impartially listened to both sides of the story, I suggested that the machine be moved by staff of both departments to a location that was neutral and acceptable to all of them This would require team work to remind them that even though they work in different departments, they were still a team. I supervised the translocation of the machine while delegating the spokes person to act as the team leader of this undertaking. The two team leaders would have to work together in concert in order to manage the task. I continuously encouraged them, while showering praises for each step they made as they moved the machine. They finally managed to move it and agreed to a formula of collective responsibility in the future while using the machine. Feedback Strategy to Monitor, Review and Resolve the Conflict To prevent the reoccurrence of the incidence, the following steps would be undertaken immediately. Review: I would use the strategy of shared neutral by taking a representative from both departments in order to review and discuss the conflict that has occurred. (Mayer, 2012).The use of peers from both departments, preferably the spokes person who argued their case initially would be useful in gauging the effectiveness of my technique in resolving the conflict. They would give me a feedback every week as to the level of cooperation and harmonious use of the photocopy machine. Monitor: I would request the Human Resources department to monitor independently if there are any more flare-ups or if the two departments are peacefully coexisting in the office environment. The HR being a neutral department would be discrete while monitoring the level of compliance by both departments and then would give me a confidential report. I would try as much as I can to personally try to monitor the compliance by avoiding the safe zone that was agreed upon by both the departments. Resolving the conflict: I would appoint an office Ombudsman, who will confidentially and independent, and can be approached by all employees, including myself in order to come up with solutions that affect the whole office. At the same time I would also consider factoring the cost of a new photocopy machine in the yearly budget so as to show the staff concerned that their concerns have been acted upon. The Ombudsman would have to be a person of impeccable character and above reproach as concerns the affairs of the office. Answer to question 3: Conflict resolution Model- Thomas-Kilmann Model The Thomas-Kilmann Model was designed by two psychologists by the names Kenneth Thomas and Ralph Kilmann, based on the options of assertiveness and co-cooperativeness. The model is based on the following options that are available to use in conflict resolution. (In Norvais In Carneiro, 2016). Competing: This would require taking an assertive posture and unco-operative approach. This would not work in this incident as the manager, since the problem was localized and did not threaten to disrupt the company operations. Trying to show that I am the boss would not have yielded anything and would only have dealt with the surface emotions of the moment. Accommodating: This would require taking a wholly unassertive and cooperative approach which may not also be expedient in this incidence because it would send a message of weakness to the junior staff. It would also have meant accepting the argument position of one side against the other. The taking of sides would be the recipe to forment internal dissention of us (the victims) against them (the favourites) and would create a toxic working environment. Avoiding: This requires taking an unassertive and unco-operative position to the conflict. Sidestepping, postponing or ignoring the issue and hoping it will resolve itself would not work in this incidence. The issue was drawing attention of the other departments and it needed to be resolved urgently. Compromising: This option requires an assertive and co-operative stance but only to some extent. Its the approach of bridging the gap in the middle. It is the option of seeking a quick solution to the problem to avoid it escalating by splitting the difference between the two positions. This approach would not have worked since the photocopy machine cannot be split so that each side gets a piece of the machine. Collaborating: This option is the right option to take in this particular incidence. It takes on the approach that in a conflict setting each party can come out with their heads held up high. It calls for a developed skill set of conflict resolution that is based on mutual respect, creativity in finding the solution and the willingness to listen to others. This is what I did and every person came out a winner. References In Novais, P., In Carneiro, D. (2016). Interdisciplinary perspectives on contemporary conflict resolution. Hershey: Information Science Reference. Mayer, B. S. (2012). The dynamics of conflict: A guide to engagement and intervention. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Monday, April 20, 2020

The Advantages Of Reading Essays - Reading, Linguistics,

The Advantages Of Reading The Advantages of Reading There are many good reasons for learning how to read. Many people think that it isn't important to know how to read. There are also those of us who know the importance of reading abilities. So, I believe whenever you have the opportunity to better your reading skills you should take that opportunity. If you do it will better your chances of success in life. You see, there are many reasons reading is necessary in life. Without having a good reading capability there will be a limited amount of opportunity. In order to have unlimited opportunities you have to be able to read. The reason you have to know how to read is so that you may be able to find a good job. The reason we need good jobs is because with a good job we are able to get things we need or that we may want. Without good reading skills you prevent yourself from the privileges that life has to offer. Some people choose not to use this ability. I believe that those people should be ashamed of themselves. There are some people who don't have this ability, and are not given opportunities to succeed in life. Even after everything that these people hear in the news every day they still choose to put aside this ability. If you choose to put this ability aside any longer you'll probably end up flipping burgers or being on the streets asking for money the rest of our lives. In conclusion, I believe that those of us that do cherish and use this great ability will be able to help other in life. If you choose not to take advantage of this wonderful ability you're making a huge mistake. I feel sorry for those of you who don't think reading is a necessary part of your life. So when your English teacher tells you to do something you should probably do it. That is, if you want to further better you're reading ability. English Essays

Sunday, March 15, 2020

Woyzeck Essays

Woyzeck Essays Woyzeck Paper Woyzeck Paper The wise saying goes, â€Å"They do not have enough money for the funeral rites; God, let not the poor persons die!† Woyzeck is based on a true story. To meet the ends of justice, a poor person was executed for stabbing his wife, Marie, to death. This incident inspired Buchner to create an artistic masterpiece in the form of a drama. But not all the characters therein, are historical figures. Great personalities leave some or the other controversies behind them. Buchner is no exception. He died in 1837 even before giving the final shape to Woyzeck, and he left behind four unpolished manuscripts, that stand as witness to his creativity â€Å"Buchner suggests that, were they not poor and downtrodden, Woyzeck and Marie might be as great as the biblical figures with which he associates them. His allusions to Christ and Mary only heighten the sense that Woyzeck and Maries shameful actions are not part of their nature but rather, products of an unjust social structure.†(Grade Saver†¦) They say, â€Å"God loves those who die young.† This seems to be true about George Buchner (1813-1837).He died at the young age of 24.He was born in the small own of Goddelau, in Hessen, Gemany. His father was a rationalist and a scientist. When he was undergoing medical training at Strasbourg in 1831, he was secretly engaged to Minna Jaegle, the daughter of a pastor. From a political activist, his interest later turned to theatre. Woyzeck was his ultimate effort, where his political philosophy, spiritual inclinations with scientific approach is mirrored. Though not a playwright by profession, he is hailed as the provider of a great source for modern drama. Buchner was far ahead of his time and what he wrote is considered as all-time great. It has the universal appeal and transcends the narrow boundaries that restrict human thinking. â€Å"He is said to have precipitated in a wide and far-reaching array of literary movements including: Naturalism, Social Realism, Psychological Irrationalism, Expressionism, and Existential Theatre. As Herbert Lindenberger phrases it, he is perhaps the only German writer before our own [20th] century who speaks directly to our time without the need of mediation. George Buchner died of an undiagnosed fever, probably typhus, at the age of 23 on February 19, 1837.(Grade Saver: Classic Note†¦)â€Å"Many scholars consider the play the first modern drama, and mark it as the catalyst for countless theatrical movements, most notably Naturalism and the modern Theatre of the Absurd. Buchners biting social commentary in the play, which stemmed from his own political disillusionment, anticipates Karl Marxs theories although it rejects the possibility of revolution or a classless utopia.†(Schmidt, 1969) Woyzeck is the work of â€Å"psychological realism.† The uncertainty, about which one is the authentic version, provides a fertile field for the scholars to argue and counter-argue. As for every detail related to the play, they have disagreements. Whether it is order of the scenes, the ending, the scholars are baffled at Buchner’s style. Each scene is structurally independent. His approach and reaction to the social conditions prevailing then is cynical.   Most of the scholars agree that the scene where the Grandmother tells her ‘black fairy tale’ as the play’s thematic keystone. As many scholars, so many varied interpretations about Buchner’s beliefs, reasoning and mental make-upHe visualizes nothing but gloom and pessimism, disillusionment and solitude, the independent scenes succeed in building a coherent whole, the scientific approach, sharp social criticism and   the bold and dispassionate approach. Each character has the purpose and the essential dignity and at the same time they compliment and contrast the protagonist’s traits etc. That the scholars agree to disagree on many issues related to the play is the hall mark of the genius. Woyzech is a tough play to produce. Ingmar Bergman succeeded in his efforts to remove the blackouts in the play, by integrating the audience. â€Å"Austrian composer Alban Berg finished his opera version of the play, Wozzeck, in 1922, and it was first performed in 1925. In order to retain Buchners disjointed, melancholic feel, Berg makes extensive use of atonality and rejects the standard forms of aria and trio in favor of abstract instrumental music. Wozzeck has since become a standard and widely performed work in the world of opera. In addition, many film versions of the play have been produced, most notably Werner Herzogs 1979 version starring Klaus Kinski and Eva Mattes, which premiered at the Cannes Film Festival.† (Grade Saver: Full Summary-) What does the play mean to me? Woyzeck is the same old story through the ages-the struggle between the haves and the have-nots! I see this story as the hard depiction of the atrocities of the rich on the poor. The class conflicts and the belief of the rich that they are born to rule and the economically backward deserve ill treatment! Can one expect the leader representing such a class to be full of sweet emotions? Certainly not! He is ever ready to hit back, on behalf of his class, the rich and the haughty, those who conduct the show of systematic debasement and spiritually murder the downtrodden. E. F. Schumacher, in his book â€Å"Small is beautiful† goes to the root cause of this never ending conflict between the rich and the poor. â€Å"The existence of inordinate rich people in any society today is a very great evil. Some inequalities of wealth and income are no doubt ‘natural’ and functionally justifiable. Excessive wealth, like power, tends to corrupt. Even if the rich are not ‘i dle rich,’ even when they work harder than anyone else, they work differently; apply different standards, and are set apart from common humanity. They corrupt themselves by practicing greed and they corrupt the rest of the society by provoking envy.†(Schumacher, 1977, Back Cover†¦) Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely! Study the attitude of the Drum Major. Even the rustic Marie, when it comes to describe the animal instincts of her latest lover, the Drum Major uses the phrases like, â€Å"He stands on his feet like a lion(scene II) and the more close and intimate description, â€Å" a chest like a bull and a beard like a lion.†(Scene VI). The street-fighter’s image in the Drum Major is showing, when he describes Marie at the first sight of her, that she is â€Å"good enough for the propagation of cavalry regiments and the breeding of drum majors!†(Scene III) He addresses her as if he is the ultimate authority on her personal life, when he calls her â€Å"You wildcat!†(Scene VI).How can a man bear his woman’s infidelity? Woyzeck is totally frustrated and in great anguish he says, Why doesnt God blow out the sun so that everything can roll around in lust, man and woman, man and beast. Theyll do it in broad day light; theyll do it on our hands, like flies. (Scene XI). Animal imagery especially surrounds Woyzeck himself, in his interactions with the characters who oppress and dehumanize him. The Captain ridicules this poor soldier with meanness about Marie’s unfaithfulness. As Woyzeck rushes our, he says, â€Å"that tall rascal takes off like the shadow before a spider.†(Scene IX).The Doctor is even more ruthless on Woyzeck. The Doctor throws a cat from his window, and when Woyzeck catches it, observes, â€Å"The fellow holds onto the beast s tenderly, like it was his own grandmother!† The so-called higher class of the society like the Captain, the Drum Major and the Doctor speaking mean language indicates the level of the morals prevailing in the society then. My approach to the play as the playwright: The important part of the play is the play- writer and his script. The characters are brought to life by the intelligent scriptwriter of the play. Whether minor or major, the characters need to speak appropriate to the occasion, and contribute to the continuity of the play. The main problem with Woyzeck has been its disjointedness. Blackouts have no place in a well-knit play. Those who addressed to this problem have successfully staged the play. The technique employed by Ingmar Bergman to keep a lively interaction between the audience and the actors of the play contribute to the success of the play. A good script can only strike the homogenous balance between the actors and the audience. Whatever is the time, whatever is the period, the two constant factors in a play are the actors (in the broad sense, they can be musicians and instrument players) in the play and the audience. It is the duty and skill of the former to keep the later pleased, as their report counts for demand of more and more repeat performances of the play. As a playwright, I have enough scenes that can be depicted with telling effect and make the audience rise on their toes. For example, unable to bear the mental torture from his superior authorities, Woyzeck becomes like the captain in a hapless shipwreck. He loses his mental balance and throws up the towel and stops thinking. Obviously his mind does not work and he is an emotional burden to himself. He gives into hallucinations. He hears the ground whispering,† stab stab the bitch to death? Stab stab the bitch to death. Do I hear it over there, is the wind saying it too? It goes on and on stab her to death to death. (Scene XII) â€Å"According to Buchner, the poor are the purest class because they are untainted by pretension and laziness. Even though this also makes them unrefined and animalistic, it is preferable to the kind of stuffy inaction or moral depravity represented by the middle-class figures like the Captain, Doctor, and Drum-Major. Woyzecks poverty also connects him more deeply to the character of Christ; after all, the latter was a humble carpenter who was still capable of the greatest and holiest things.† (Grade Saver: Woyzeck –Full Summary†¦) I entirely agree with the observations of Buchner in the play. When the society is ruled by greed and envy of the middle and rich class, the poor can not be their competitors. From where would the poor get the fighting spirit when curry for the night is worry for the morning and tomorrow’s bread is not assured from today’s labor! When their individual dignity stands punctured at every level and every stage of their lives! The poor are the practical people and they are the purest class. They are not lazy and bifacial. But to live in perennial poverty is the root cause of their emotional suffering and criminal tendencies.

Friday, February 28, 2020

Capital Gains Tax Liability Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Capital Gains Tax Liability - Case Study Example This is not only valuable because you singularly own the property, but also because that gives you added equity and financial credibility in addition to other benefits, such as the fact that being a homeowner brings with it many perks. The capital gains that will be have to paid on the apartment is $150,000 since that is the money that was made off the sale. This number is computed by subtracting the original list price ($650,000) from the sale price ($800,000). Additionally, capital gains tax must be paid on the house. The main residence exemption may apply, but you as the client would have to ask a capital gains lawyer if this would apply to you. You were supposed to have given two years' notice within having a combination of residencies.1 Since Angelina owned 10,000 shares in Rio Tinto, and they are now valued at $40 and not the original selling price of $29, she will have to pay capital gains taxes for stock value. Her capital gains tax will be a certain percentage of $11,000 that she made after the BHP takeover of Rio Tinto. Rollover consequences may be that Angelina will have to pay some sort of fine for rolling over her assets. For Angelina's partnership with Lena, she will have to pay a certain percentage of capital gains taxes of $75,000. ... [However, w]hile the roll over allows you to defer a capital gain to a later income year, other CGT small business concessions may exempt or reduce your capital gain" which are the consequences.2 The law states, "If your business has owned an asset for 15years and you are aged 55years or over and are retiring, or if you are permanently incapacitated, you won't have an assessable capital gain when you sell the asset."3 Therefore, since Angelina is only 52 she cannot get this break. However, the law also states, "A capital gain from the sale of a business asset will be exempt up to a lifetime limit of $500,000. If you are under 55years of age, the exempt amount must be paid into a complying superannuation fund or a retirement savings account to obtain the exemption."4 This would apply to Angelina, so she could put any capital gains tax into the specified type of retirement account. Angelina most likely is able to receive the 50% small business reduction. This means that she can multiply half of her profit, and subtract it from the capital gain and only have to pay that amount. Angelina and Sean would have to meet certain requirements in order to get a small business exemption. Some further research would have to be done in order to see if they met those requirements. According to Active Asset Reduction law, "There are other CGT small business concessions, in addition to this concession, that may apply to reduce your capital gain. You can apply as many concessions as you are entitled to until the capital gain is reduced to nil. There are rules about the order you apply the CGTconcessions...."5 With regard to Angelina and Lena's business, most likely the trading stock could be rolled over since it is such

Wednesday, February 12, 2020

Case NIVEA Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

NIVEA - Case Study Example Nivea is an example of a consumer-led business enterprise; this means its consumers are the ones who ultimately determine all marketing efforts by identifying their perceived wants. The key parts of a marketing mix are product (consumer-led), price (cost), placement (convenience) and promotions (communications to create awareness the product exists). All the parts have to work together to make a marketing strategy very effective. Being consumer-driven, any product must satisfy a consumer want or need; the price must be reasonable and affordable; convenience means the product can be found easily and obtainable in all distribution outlets and finally, communications to make people know a product they are looking for is available. A correct balance of the 4Ps of this marketing mix is necessary to make selling efforts a success; one key element that is lacking or out of whack makes the entire marketing useless. In this connection, the strongest P is the product of Nivea which has acquired a nice reputation over the years as a reliable and safe product for a skin care routine; consumers are not sensitive to the price as they are willing to pay a premium for it; moreover, people are also aware of the product and no need to promote it actively. Its weakest P or link is the placement or distribution channel. Product – Nivea has acquired a good reputation for product safety and quality. This is the companys greatest asset which is its excellent brand name and in this regard, it can exploit it by adopting aggressive pricing to position the re-launched product as a premium item. It may be necessary to re-define this product as good for sensitive young skin (teenagers) and not really for treatment of skin problems like acne or pimples (it is not a medicated skin product that causes adverse reactions like skin allergies, itchiness or redness); it is really intended for

Friday, January 31, 2020

Creative Brief Essay Example for Free

Creative Brief Essay Is to increase the consumption of milk among the teenage group so that they would drink less sugary and carbonated drinks that would harm their health . The Product Milk is by far the healthiest beverage after water . Milk helps to strengthen the bones and the teeth . Milk drinking drops off sharply in the teenage years because it is considered to be uncool and most of teenagers are worried about the calories and fat . Part of it has to do with the lack of flavours and the packaging being dull . This is what we found out about the product we decided to help , which is HL Milk by Marigold . Target Audience Our target audience would be males and females aged from 16 to 25 years old .Milk is a beverage that every parent would tell their kids to drink as children , though most of them still drink milk for breakfast but they still choose to drink other drinks like coke , pepsi or ribena .Milk has become less relevant to their lifestyles . They think milk doesn’t go well with foods like Mcd , Pizza and KFC . Why they choose soft drinks is because the soft drinks are exciting , versatile and its an acceptable alternative to milk . Promise and support Promise Todays milk can help the teenagers become strong and dynamic . Looking at the hectic schedule teenagers have these days ,it is recommended to drink milk to help them feel fresh and energized the whole day . Support. Milk has the nutrition the body needs to look and feel dynamic. Today most teenage athletes and famous teen celebrities drink milk . Ice –cold milk taste great especially with HL Milk`s 3 new taste which are peach , coffee and mango . It has a more refreshing taste to it . Not to heavy nor to creamy . Its light and smooth . Brand personality. The personality now of HL Milk is dull and there isn’t any attractive colours that would attract a consumer to get it . Some consumers especially teenagers look at the packaging before purchasing products . If its attractive and youthful they would purchase it .The old packaging is very practical and conservative as it only has 2 colours with no pictures on the box . The needed personality for teenagers to buy the HL Milk would be exhuberant , contemparory and youthful . The packaging would suit the lifestyle of the teenagers . The would be shy to drink milk in public .

Thursday, January 23, 2020

Is an Aborted Baby Only Potential Life ? Essay -- Argumentative Persua

Is an Aborted Baby Only "Potential Life" ?    Simmons says in Personhood, the Bible, and the Abortion Debate:   The genetic definition of personhood confuses potentialities with actualities. Potentialities are certainly important but they do not have the same value as actualities. "An embryo is not a person but the possibility or the probability of there being a person many months or even years in the future," Charles Hartshorne has argued. "Obviously possibilities are important, but to blur the distinction between them and actualities is to darken counsel." The same point is made by John Stott in saying that the decision to abort for reasons of maternal health is "a choice between an actual human being and a potential human being." This sentiment prevails among millions in our country. What about abortion - does it kill a living human life or only a "potential" human life, as Simmons believes. Is it a matter of private morality, like deciding which church you're going to attend, or is it a matter of public morality - a matter of civil rights? If there's a victim involved, it's a civil rights issue. Is there a victim involved in abortion? There are many who say that there is not, that the preborn child is just a mass of tissue, a part of the woman's body. If this were the case, then no one would have any reason to oppose abortion any more than they would oppose tonsillectomies or appendectomies. But is that the case? Developments in the science of fetology have given us greater opportunities than ever to learn about the preborn. We know that the baby has a completely different circulatory system than the mother, and often a different blood type. He or she has a completely different genetic code. We know that by t... ..., Philadelphia: W.B. Sanders Co, 1954. Collins, V. J.   Principles of Anesthesiology. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Fabiger, 1976. Hamlin, H. "Life or Death by EEG." Journal of the Amedos. Medical A's',, 1W12/84, p. 20. Hooker and Davenport. The Prenatal Origin of Behavior. Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 1952. Noonan, "The Experience of Pain, New Perspectives on Human Abortion." N.p.: A1etheia Books, 1981. p.213. Reinis, Stanislaw and Jerome M. Goldman. The Development of the Brain. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas Publishers, 1980. Rockwell, P.E.,M.D. Director of Anesthesiology, Leonard Hospital, Troy, NY, U.S. Supreme Court, Markle vs. Abele, 72-56, 72-730, 1972. P.11 The Silent Scream. Cleveland, OH: American Portrait Films, 1984. Tanner, J.M. and G.R. Taylor, Time-Life Books. Growth, New York: Life Science Life, 1965. p.64.

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

The Buying Decisions of ‘Consumers’ on the Use of Microsoft

â€Å"The Buying Decisions of ‘Consumers’ On the Use of Microsoft or Apple Products† Submitted By: SANUSI SANI BUHARI Student No: 200922R7018 The Dissertation has been submitted to the Skyline University College In partial Fulfillment of the Degree: Bachelor of Business Administration (International Business) December-2012 Acknowledgement The writing of this dissertation has been one of the most significant academic challenges I have ever had to face. Without the support, patience and guidance of the following people, this study would not have been completed.It is to them that I owe my deepest gratitude. * Dr. Rashad Mohammed Al Saed, who undertook to act as my supervisor despite his many other academic and professional commitments. His wisdom, knowledge and commitment to the highest standards inspired and motivated me. * My friends and whoever directly or indirectly helped me to during the course of the dissertation. * The authors of the various books and web sit es as well as the facilities and university library that helped me gain various information for this dissertation. AbstractThis research paper describes the buying decisions of ‘consumers’, as to whether they prefer Microsoft or Apple products. People have different choice according to needs. Business organizations and telecommunication sectors judge product on usability. Data analysis suggests many important elements impact the buying decision of an individual or any specific company. Data analysis also suggests Microsoft and Apple continue to push the envelope when it comes to developing software and hardware. The main objective of this research is- which product do people prefer?To find answers to the research questions of this research, data analysis and descriptive study has been used, because it involves observing and describing the behavior of a subject without influencing it in any way. This method is used to obtain a general overview of the subject, and answers who, what, and why of the study. The two giants pride themselves for producing cutting edge consumer and business products, and are leading the developments in software and hardware. But what about their websites how do they both compare, and more important, which one is better and more usable?This study will help reader to find all this answer. Chapter No. | Particulars| Pg No. | 1| Introduction * Aims of Independent Study * Objectives| 6-7| 2| Literature Review| 8-29| 3| Research Methodology| 30-32| | * Research Design| 31| | * Research Approach| 31| | * Research Instrument| 32| | * Sampling Design| 32| 4| Data Analysis| 33-37| 5| Conclusion| 38-40| | Bibliography | 41-42| | Appendixes | 43-46| Aims of the Study Technology has slowly started to rule our lives. No matter where we are, we have access to some sort of technological appliance such as cell phones, computers or televisions.Anything one could think of that might, in even the slightest way, make our lives easier is now av ailable. So many different types of devices have been conceived and developed that is has become a complicated and confusing decision when trying to choose the right product. Computers and other forms of technology impact our lives daily. We encounter computers in stores, restaurants, and other retail establishments. We use computers and the Internet regularly to obtain information, experience online entertainment, buy product and services as well as communicating with others.Most of us carry a computer or a mobile phone with us at all times so we can remain in touch with others on a continual basis and can access internet information by the touch of a button. Businesses use computers to keep track of bank transactions, inventories, sales, credit card purchases and also provide business executives up to date information to make important decisions. Government’s use computers to support our nation’s defense system, for space exploration, for storing and organizing vital information of citizens, and other important tasks. Computers are used everywhere, and is a vital tool in one’s life.When you turn to your computer, it’s nice to think you’re in control. There’s the trusty computer mouse, which you can move anywhere on the screen, summoning up your music library or the internet browser by one click. Although it’s easy to feel like the director in front of your own desktop or laptop, there’s a lot going on inside, and the real man behind all these operations is the ‘Operating System’. The purpose of an operating system is to organize and control hardware and software so that the device it lives in behaves in a flexible but predictable way.Most desktop or laptop PCs come pre-loaded with Microsoft Windows. Macintosh computers come pre-loaded with Mac OS X. The operating system (OS) is the first thing loaded onto the computer. Without the operating system, a computer is useless. When it comes to co mputer technology, the two biggest giants are ‘Microsoft’ and ‘Apple’. Microsoft and Apple are by and large the biggest producers in cutting edge consumer and business products. Between the two companies, they continue to push the envelope when it comes to developing software and hardware.Question is, which do people prefer? Prior to this, I’ve decided to base my study on ‘†¦ The buying decisions of consumers’, as to whether they prefer Microsoft or Apple products†¦ ’ Research Objectives Research Objectives ascertains specific points that may aid in gathering information related to the main objective. The purpose of this research will be: * To know the factors that affect the buying decisions of customers * To determine the products and services provided to customers Literature ReviewAs stated by (Allan 2001), Microsoft Corporation is an American public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions. While jointly developing a new Operating System (OS), working alongside IBM, Microsoft released Microsoft Windows. On February 26th 1986, moved its headquarters to Redmond, and decided to make the company go public.Microsoft worked closely with Apple during the development of Apple's Macintosh computer, which was introduced in 1984. Revolutionary in its design, the Mac featured a graphical user interface based on icons rather than the typed commands used by the IBM PC, making its programs simple to use and easy to learn, even by computer novices. ( Iceboat, Daniel, and Susan L. Knepper 1991 p. 304) Apple INC was established on April 1, 1976 in Cupertino, California, and incorporated January 3, 1977; the company was previously named Apple Computer, Inc. for its first 30 years, but removed the word â€Å"Computer† on January 9, 2007, to reflect the company's ongoing expansion into the consumer electronics market in addition to its traditional focus on personal computers. (Price 1987) On August 15, 1998, Apple introduced a new all-in-one computer important of the Macintosh 128K: the iMac. The iMac design team was led by Jonathan Ive, who would later design the iPod and the iPhone. The iMac featured modern technology and a unique design. It sold close to 800,000 units in its first five months.Through this period, Apple purchased several companies to create a portfolio of professional and consumer-oriented digital production software. On May 19, 2001, Apple opened the first official Apple Retail Stores in Virginia and California. Later on July 9 they bought Spruce Technologies, a DVD authoring company. The same year, Apple introduced the iPod portable digital audio player. The product was phenomenally successful  Ã¢â‚¬â€ over 100 million units were sold within six years. In 2003, Apple's iTunes Store was introduced, offering online music downloads for $0. 99 a song and combination with the iPod.The service quickly became the market leader in online music services, with over 5 billion downloads by June 19, 2008. It can understandably be said that when it comes to computer technology, the two biggest names are ‘Microsoft’ and ‘Apple’. (Suhail 2009) It success has become so immense that a customer’s choice can either be one of the two. Other competitors are too far off, but what do these two giants give in return to society? To most people, Microsoft represents computing. Those with a dynamic interest in technology usually believe that Microsoft Windows is the computer.This kind of brand association you won’t see in other companies, which makes it a very powerful source in the world of technology. Apple computers have grown very popular in the last few years, and its simplicity and user-friendly attributes is what keeps customers capti vated. Historically, Microsoft began the personal computer revolution with their Windows Operating System, which offered people a different platform for their computer needs. Apple also introduced, with their own line of Macintosh computers and devices, though it did have it ups and downs.Microsoft followed a general policy by marketing their computers with non-expensive hardware and software parts which allowed every house to have a PC (personal computer). People can afford their computers with no restrictions on the type of hardware. Apple had a different mind frame whereby they went for exclusivity and decided to sell their products at a much higher price than Microsoft PC’s. Its elite hardware and software is what makes it more expensive. (Admin 2010) Although where Apple has the upper hand over Microsoft is related to security. Apple Mac computers are generally more secure because of its OSX operating system. Suhail 2009) It has more protection built in against malware a nd viruses. Customers want to feel comfortable and safe, knowing that the product they are purchasing is protected against threat at all times. Windows (operating system of Microsoft) is more prone to malware and viruses, and requires expensive protection software to make the PC more secure. Another advantage of Apple computers is they are more efficient when it comes to graphics acceleration and games. Microsoft has problems with that. If one would buy a Microsoft based PC, they would need to spend an additional amount to handle graphics of that scale.On the other hand, Microsoft is committed in making its products and services easier for everyone to use. The Windows operating system has many in-built accessibility features that are useful for individuals who have difficulty in typing, using the mouse, seeing or hearing difficulties. Microsoft also produces other computer hardware’s such as Xbox, Zune, Xbox 360 and MSN TV. (MSJ 1986) Apple also offers a wide variety of produ cts such as the iPhone, iPod, Apple TV and the newly introduced iPad. Factors affecting buying decision HomepageThe homepage is one of the most important pages of the whole site because it’s the first, and in many cases the only chance you get to impress the visitor enough to keep them browsing. You’ve got a few seconds to convince them that the site has enough value for them to keep using it, because if it doesn’t, the visitors will leave. Apple’s approach to the homepage has been consistent throughout all the years that the site has been running. They use this page as a kind of advertising board that always shows a big ad of their latest product, followed by 3 other ads to another 3 products or news that is important at the moment.If you’re not interested in any of the 4 suggested items, you can use the large navigation bar at the top, which is split into their core businesses: Mac, iPod and iPhone, followed by a couple of other important links, such as the online store and support pages. The navigation bar also incorporates a search field. (Dmitry Fadeyev) One other thing to note is the lack of content. You’re not distracted by sidebars, notices or extra navigation items — there are only a few items on the page, focusing your attention and making the decision of where to go next easier. Microsoft has a different approach to their homepage.Firstly, they feature a similar style of ad at the top, designed to be attention grabbing. These are large images, but only one out of 3 ads is shown at a time — you have to hover over the other two to expand them. This focuses attention, but may potentially weaken the effectiveness of the two hidden ads since the visitor has to work to see them right at the top of the page is the navigation, together with search. Flow All of the content of Microsoft is extremely monotonous, especially the â€Å"Learn More† box with a list of 8 links. The dry presentation gives the user less incentive to click around.Some Microsoft sites use better layout to direct the flow of attention, but they generally all suffer from the same illness: too much content. When you present the user with too many choices, you make them work — they have to think about what they want and they have to process more information. By reducing choice, Apple directs the users through a more carefully designed funnel, which generally delivers a better experience. (Dmitry Fadeyev) Navigation Apple’s website has a large navigation bar at the top, which remains there consistently whichever section of the site you go to.The options available show the main sections split by its lines of business as well as a couple of essentials, such as support and the store. The bar also integrates search and branding as the home button displays the Apple logo instead of a label. Any extra sub-navigation is located on individual site pages and is placed within the context of that page, w hether on a sidebar, or as a horizontal bar at the top. Microsoft has a similar navigation bar on the homepage, but that navigation bar is not consistent across the site. Actually, all of the sub-pages tend to use their own navigation bar, in style and in content.The homepage navigation thus acts as a site map to the rest of the Microsoft website sections. In a lot of the navigation bars, including the one on the homepage, Microsoft uses drop-down menus — unlike Apple. They don’t just use drop-down menus — they use huge drop-down menus. In some cases, the menu even has a scrollbar (in Firefox): Is this good or bad? In a recent Alertbox entry, Jakob Nielsen, a well known usability guru, has written that mega drop-down menus can work. They work because they present a lot of choices in groups, so they allow for easier scanning as you can jump to the group that you want and scan the items inside them.You have to get certain things right though, like the order of the groups and only mentioning each element once, for them to work well. In this case, it makes sense for Microsoft to go the route of the drop-down menus, but feel that they may have gone a little too far. For example, some options point to the same thing, like the ‘Office’ drop down and ‘Office’ option in the ‘All Products’ drop down. The drop-down also blocks the content below, so if you accidentally moused over the menu, you have to mouse off from it again to get to the content below — all the while being careful not to hover over other items.There are also a lot of options under each group — sometimes showing about 13 items, which makes processing the options much more difficult. Also, the inconsistency of navigation across the different sections makes it much harder to jump from one area of the site to another, e. g from the Office site to the Xbox site. (Dmitry Fadeyev) Readability Because most of the content on the sites is t ext, it’s vital to ensure that everything is readable and legible. Here are the main things to consider when working on readability of your site’s content: * Make the text large enough so that it’s easy to see and read. Ensure that there is enough contrast between the text and background. * Provide enough white space around the text to keep other content and graphics from distracting the reader. * Provide plenty of headings or highlighted/bold text to allow users to quickly scan the content for key information. * Add images and icons to make it easier to focus on individual sections of the text, i. e. product or feature descriptions. * Keep the text short and to the point. Apple does a great job of keeping everything easy to read.The text is generally small, but never too small so as to be a problem. Headings are set in heavier type and stand out, allowing you to quickly get the gist of each section. Apple also makes heavy use of white space to separate everythi ng apart and adds images to make each text blurb more interesting. It follows the general usability guidelines by breaking things down into small bite size pieces of text that are easy to digest. It looks a lot busier than the Apple site because there is more content on one page and there are many different treatments for headings and highlighted words. Dmitry Fadeyev) Too much variety causes visual chaos on the page, with each different colored or bold item competing for your attention. In this case, the page really needs to be simplified to make it easier for the viewer to process. Search Apple’s search is integrated into the navigation bar. When you type something in the search box you actually get live search results with AJAX, by way of a little box which pops up, showing you the results as you type. It’s very well done — there is no lag when typing, the results are grouped in categories and are fetched very quickly, usually before you finish typing your fu ll query.If you want to see more results you can just hit Enter when you’ve finished typing and you’ll be taken to the standard search results page. It’s very clean and organized by categories. You can drill the results further down by category, selectable from the menu on the right. It’s functional and clean, and works well when you’re trying to find any products that they sell. Aesthetics Apple’s website aesthetics closely mirrors that of its product line. The navigation bar looks like it’s crafted out of aluminium and features gentle gradients and indented text. There are also plenty of reflections and minimalist design elements.Apple has always worked on unifying the look and feel of its interface across its entire product line, from the hardware to software, and their website is no exception. Do aesthetics have anything to do with usability? Actually, they do. Research shows that people perceive better looking interfaces as more usable. The site follows a faint Windows theme with the light blue clouds, but there is little else to say that this is a page for Internet Explorer or Windows. The look and feel is very generic and doesn’t do enough to differentiate itself or build a coherent brand.The designs are overall pretty good, but pretty good just isn’t enough. There are plenty of inconsistencies and a lack of polish, which puts Apple ahead in this area. Consistency Consistency is important because it allows you to develop usage patterns. This basically means that if your site has a consistent interface throughout, your visitors will quickly learn how it works and will be able to use this knowledge in any of the new pages that they visit, since they’ll all be using the same, or very similar, interface. Apple does a great job of keeping the interface consistent.All of the product pages feature very similar aesthetics and are structured in the same way. The whole site looks and feels the same throughout and the global navigation bar at the top is always there, on every page. This means that the entire experience is very unified and coherent — you know you’re on the same website wherever you go. Could you tell that this is a Microsoft page if you took away their logo? Custom graphics, styles and colour palettes across all the Microsoft sections help little to maintain a coherent brand image on the web. Microsoft really struggles here.There are many different sections across Microsoft. com and they all feature their own look and feel, including their own navigation. So once you go to a section on their site, be it the Microsoft store, the Office site, or the Security pages, they will all look and feel like separate websites. What’s worse, the global navigation bar is also gone, meaning that you have to go back to the homepage, or the site map, to see an overview of all of their sites. It’s really an ecosystem of websites hosted under the sa me domain and therefore it doesn’t get the benefit of consistency that Apple has.The brand image is also terribly fragmented making it impossible to define what a Microsoft site looks like. (Dmitry Fadeyev) Marketing Nobody will argue that Apple is the kind of viral marketing. You might find some PC ads/commercials on local magazines and newspapers, but you will not find great â€Å"Mac vs PC† / â€Å"Get a Mac† / â€Å"Buy a Mac† / â€Å"Hello, I am a Mac, and I am a PC† commercials like Apple produces. Security When it comes to Mac vs. PC security concerns, many experts think that Windows has caught up with Apple.Before Microsoft Windows 7, we have all heard that Windows operating system is a targeted platform for malicious attacks. Of course it is true, but the question is. Does the operating system has the right tools to defend itself? With Mac computers, you won't need to worry about viruses as you do in Windows operating system. The real prob lem is not only about viruses, but about security breaches that allow hackers to penetrate into your computer, and steal your valuable art works, photographs and important (and sometimes secret) media assets.It was proven that both Windows 7 and Mac OS X Snow Leopard have their own glitches. DailyTech. com posted an article, saying that one prominent Mac hacker has pointed out that Mac OS X Snow Leopard is less secured than Microsoft Windows 7 OS. Well, if a Celeb hacker says so, we should probably take it pretty seriously. So it seems, at least when making a business decision, that you shouldn't pick a Macintosh over a PC, just because people are telling you that Macintosh doesn't have viruses, or they are more secure. Apple OS X Snow Leopard is based on the UNIX core.That fact alone doesn't make it more secure than Windows 7 as you can see. We just couldn't ignore the fact that viruses are real pain in the axe. As a power PC user, with all those pop-out windows saying â€Å"You h ave been infected with a Virus†¦ † I would probably be very happy knowing that I can work quietly, without worrying about viruses and all that crux horrors that the Internet brings with it. You just can't blame Windows operating system for being more popular. Financial Analysis It's important to step back and examine just how close each of these companies really are in terms of revenue and earnings.Analysts polled by Thomson Reuters expect Apple to report approximately $2. 85 billion in net income ($3. 07 in EPS) on about $14. 62 billion in revenue when it releases its results. Yet, it's well known that Apple regularly beats consensus estimates by quite a large margin and that actual results will come in well above the consensus. Just last quarter, Apple not only beat revenue estimates by over $1 billion, but it annihilated EPS estimates by reporting $0. 88 above the $2. 45 consensus – a 36% beat.In fact, Apple has regularly beaten consensus estimates by well over 35% each quarter over the past year. (Andy M. Zaky) Financial Alchemist's Turley Muller, who is currently the most accurate analyst on Apple, offers a more realistic view of the company. Muller believes that Apple will report about $3. 1 billion in net income on ($3. 35 in EPS) on $15. 15 billion in revenue. And while I think Muller has left some room for upside surprise, it's clearly best to use his numbers rather than the consensus as a measure of comparison. Microsoft, on the other hand, is expected to earn $4. billion in net income ($0. 46 in EPS) on $15. 26 billion in revenue when it releases its results – just a hair above Muller's revenue estimates for Apple. And while Microsoft regularly reports upside surprises itself, the gap between consensus estimates and Microsoft's actual results is nowhere near as wide as it is with Apple's results. Thus, if Apple reports at the higher end of Muller's estimates, and if Microsoft reports closer to the consensus, it's quite possi ble that Apple might have a shot to beat Microsoft in revenue for the first time in its history this quarter.The chart (Appendix 2(A) details a quarterly revenue comparison of Apple and Microsoft over the past few years. As one can see from the chart, Apple is within striking distance of surpassing Microsoft's quarterly revenue. Since Microsoft and Apple are on a different fiscal year, the chart realigns their results based on the calendar year. (Andy M. Zaky) So the big story in tech earnings is whether history will be made in the decades-long battle between Apple and Microsoft, or whether Microsoft will postpone the inevitable and maintain its dominance over Apple for at least one more quarter.Even if Apple doesn't beat Microsoft in sales this quarter, it will almost certainly do so next quarter and by quite a large margin. For the September quarter, analysts expect Apple to generate approximately $16. 81 billion in revenue compared to a projected $15. 16 billion in revenue for Mi crosoft. So even conservative estimates, which have yet to be adjusted to account for iPad sales, already put Apple ahead of Microsoft by nearly $1. 2 billion next quarter. My estimates put Apple ahead by $3. 2 billion as I expect Apple to record nearly $18. 9 billion in revenue.What's even more surprising is that Apple will likely far surpass Microsoft in revenue for the entire 2012 fiscal year (Appendix 2(B). I'm looking for Apple to record $81. 6 billion in revenue, well above the $70 billion I'm expecting out of Microsoft for the year. You can view my track record on Apple at Philip Elmer-DeWitt's column Apple 2. 0. Even the analyst consensus puts Apple well ahead of Microsoft next year, with revenue estimates of $72. 6 billion (AAPL) versus $67 billion (MSFT). The chart below compares Apple and Microsoft's annual fiscal revenue for the past several years.While quarterly data must be compared on the calendar year to show a side by side comparison over a particular 3-month period , yearly data can be analyzed on the fiscal year. And, what about other metrics? Net income growth, total net income, total net cash, cash flow, book value, total assets and the economic sensitivity of each company's primary operations are just a few of the other key factors to consider when comparing the two companies. While Apple will surpass Microsoft in revenue in the near future, that doesn't necessarily mean that Apple automatically deserves a larger market capitalization.But it does appear that Apple will not only record more revenue than Microsoft, it will also eventually (within the next few years) earn more in net income, generate a larger amount of cash, and outpace Microsoft in terms of growth in net income and revenue. The earnings beat won't come easy for Apple. Due to Microsoft's extraordinarily high operating margin, the only way Apple will beat Microsoft in earnings is by simply outpacing it in sales. Since Microsoft pushes more of its revenue to the bottom line, Ap ple will have to significantly outpace Microsoft in revenue to win on the net income front.The chart below compares Apple and Microsoft's net income for the last several fiscal years (Appendix 2(C). Though these two companies no longer really operate in the same space as they once did with Apple turning its focus on the consumer and Microsoft on enterprise spending, both companies are dominating their respective industries. Update 7/20: As expected, Apple has once again crushed the consensus estimates on the top line, beating analyst revenue expectations by over well $1 billion when it reported $15. 7 billion in revenue Tuesday afternoon. In fact, Apple even surpassed my lofty expectations of $15. billion by $100 million in sales. Unless Microsoft far surpasses analyst expectations of $15. 24 billion in revenue, it appears that Apple has already won the race. Microsoft primarily makes its profits from business to business, which mainly consists of selling licenses to its operating s ystem to computer manufacturers and office suites for enterprises. That’s not to say that they don’t sell to consumers — they do, and they have consumer only product lines as well, such as the Xbox gaming console, and of course home users also buy Windows and Office.This means that their business targets pretty much everyone, from home computer owners to developers and enterprises; which in turn stretches the purpose of their website to try and serve everyone. On the other hand, Apple is primarily a consumer company, and makes most of its profit selling hardware, like its iPod music players and Mac computers. This makes the target of Apple’s site much clearer — marketing, selling and providing support for its products to consumers.They don’t have to worry about selling licenses to manufacturers because they’re the only manufacturer, so the key purpose of the website would be to advertise and promote their multiple product lines, as we ll as selling them through their online store. (Andy M. Zaky) Cost Analysis Other factor that affects buying decision is cost. People have been arguing online about how much more expensive Macs are than PCs — or not — for more than a decade (and in print for years before that). These discussions usually involve some hard facts but also some persistent myths. As a longtime Windows guy who has recently migrated to the Mac, I think I'm in a retty good position to try and sort out reality from fiction. Let's take a look at what you can really get for your money these days. Hardware For those of you who are left, what I have found in my research is that neither side has a lock on good value. If you start with Apple's relatively short list of SKUs (three or four model variations for each of its lines, such as MacBook Pro, MacBook, and iMac) and then look for comparable Windows machines, you'll find that Apple bests the competition in some ways and not in others, but the pric ing, overall, is surprisingly on par.Only a few years ago, it seemed like a no-brainer that Windows hardware was much cheaper. But if you're talking name-brand hardware, that's just no longer the case. On the other hand, if you search the Windows side first, you'll quickly discover machines that — in features and price — fit in between the Mac SKUs. And in those niches, they represent very good values. So there's one answer to the question of whether Macs or Windows represent a better value: If one of those â€Å"in between† PCs suits your needs best, you'd be paying an unnecessary premium to get a Mac instead.Let's look at some hard numbers. I started my research with top-of-the-line notebooks — I spent an hour on Dell's site trying to find the cheapest notebook that offered everything Apple's $2,799 MacBook Pro 17 provides. That includes: * Glossy 17-in. screen with 1,680-by-1,050-pixel resolution (optional 1,920-by-1,200 resolution for $100 more) * 2. 4-GHz Core 2 Duo processor * 2GB of RAM (upgradeable to 4GB) * 256MB Nvidia GeForce 8600M GT video * 160GB 5,400-rpm SATA hard drive * 8x SuperDrive (DVD+R DL/DVD ±RW/CD-RW) Gigabit Ethernet port * 54Mbps a/b/g/Draft n Wi-Fi * Bluetooth 2. 0+EDR, Express Card/34 card slot * Three USB ports * One FireWire 800 port * One FireWire 400 port * DVI port * Built-in insight video camera * One-year warranty (upgradeable to three years) I continued my comparisons with a visit to Circuit City last weekend to take a look at high-end 17-in. notebook PCs. Like Dell, Sony has one with every conceivable bell and whistle selling for more than $3,000 — the Vaio VGN-AR390E, which goes for $3,150.Like all the other Windows models available at Circuit City, the processor is a 2GHz Core 2 Duo, slower than the one in the MacBook Pro. On the other hand, the Vaio comes through with 1,920-by-1,200-pixel screen resolution, a 5,400 rpm 240GB hard drive, and a whopping 527MB of video memory. Like the D ell, though, at 8. 4 lb. , the Vaio makes the 6. 8 lb. MacBook Pro look like a lightweight. Moving downscale a little, both Hewlett-Packard and Toshiba have models in the $2,000 range that approximate the MacBook Pro's equipment.The HP Pavilion DV9260US comes with the Intel Core 2 Duo 2-GHz processor, a 240GB 5,400 rpm drive, Windows Vista Ultimate, and a 17-in. screen whose maximum resolution is only 1,440 by 900 pixels (a major drawback). Circuit City's price is $2,000. Bottom line: Assuming that you want a high-end notebook PC designed to work, play, and be your everyday machine with style, the MacBook Pro is a surprisingly good value. The models that I compared it with, the Sony and the Dell, had some extras here and there, but they were also more expensive.The key to the perception that Macs are more expensive is that Apple offers very few in-between models. A graph showing the market capitalization between ‘Apple’ and ‘Microsoft’ conducted by (T3 2009 ) shows that in the year 2000, Microsoft had a huge upper hand over Apple, and did so for a long period. It wasn’t until March 2005 that Apple started to rise and actually started to have a competing chance. Research Methodology Research Design The research paper design conducted is a descriptive one because it involves observing and describing the behavior of a subject without influencing it in any way.This method is used to obtain a general overview of the subject, and answers who, what, and why of the study. It is also useful where it is not possible to test and measure the large number of samples needed for more quantitative types of experimentation. They are often used by market researchers to judge the habits of customers, or by companies wishing to judge the morale of staff. The results from a descriptive research can in no way be used as a definite answer or to disapprove a hypothesis but, if the limitations are understood, they can still be a useful tool in many area s of scientific research. JA Maxwell – 2005) Research Approach As the research design is descriptive, the research approach would be a ‘qualitative’ one. Qualitative research is a method of inquiry appropriated in many different academic disciplines, traditionally in the social sciences, but also in market research and further contexts. (Creswell 2003) A qualitative study indicates that no statistical tools will be applied within the research. Methods such as surveys, questionnaires and interviews can be done when dealing with a qualitative research approach. Research InstrumentResearchers have decided to carry out ‘interviews’ to obtain the responses they need for study. (See Appendix 1 for interview questions) A set of questions will be asked to the interviewee, and their answers will be dealt accordingly. The interview questions will be structured; as there are specific questions the researchers will ask the respondents. Qualitative nature of stud y contains independent variables along with various assumptions. Sampling Design A ‘non-probability’ sampling technique will be used in this study. This method of sampling is non-random and subjective.Each respondent does not have a known nonzero chance of being included. A ‘convenience’ sampling method will be applied. The researchers will choose freely those respondents who are the most convenient. The researchers will interview people from I. T departments in areas of Telecommunication Centers (mainly concentrating on consumers). Data Analysis Being a qualitative study, descriptive statistics would be used to produce data and evaluate results. The data that is generated, from the interview (See Appendix 1 for interview questions) technique will be analyzed qualitatively.This would be followed by physically reading the miscellaneous number of responses and then concluding to which company people prefer. A little less than a year ago, Wall Street reached a Microsoft vs. Apple milestone: for the first time, Apple’s corporate value surpassed Microsoft’s. And Apple’s market cap (the total value of all of its shares) topped Microsoft’s even though the latter company had more revenue and double the profit margins. Clearly, Wall Street was looking at growth potential, not current income statements and balance sheets, in anointing Apple the more compelling buy.What has happened since? With Apple due to report its latest quarterly earnings  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Microsoft reports its numbers next week – we look at some recent numbers, as well as data over time. Market cap While total values for Microsoft and Apple were close last spring, that’s no longer the case. Since May 26, 2011, when Apple first inched ahead of Microsoft, Apple’s market capitalization has risen from US$223 billion to more than US$306 billion (as of April 14). Microsoft’s, meanwhile, has slipped from US$219 billion to US$212 b illion. Sharon Machlis) Bottom line: Wall Street currently thinks more highly of Apple’s growth potential and overall prospects than it does of Microsoft’s. Investors were right last year, but only time can tell whether that outlook is still justified, given the company’s high stock price. Market share Beyond Wall Street, how do the companies stack up in the battle for tech users? Microsoft maintained an overwhelming lead in the desktop operating system business, keeping a roughly 92 percent share of the market from 2005 to 2009 (the last figures available from IDC).Mac OS X’s share has varied between just 3. 5 percent and 4. 0 percent. Apple took a significant lead in the Smartphone race, capturing 15. 7 percent of the worldwide market last year, compared with just 4. 2 percent for Microsoft. However, both Gartner and IDC predict Microsoft’s Windows Phone will beat out Apple’s iOS for mobile market share by 2015, with Gartner expecting a 19 . 5 percent share for Microsoft and 17. 2 percent for Apple. In addition, Apple had a commanding 87. 4 percent share of the worldwide tablet market last year, according to IDC.Gartner predicts Apple will keep a 69 percent share this year and will still have 47 percent by 2015. Windows doesn’t show up in that forecast. Bottom line: In one high-growth area, smartphones, several influential analysts believe Microsoft will eventually come out on top. In another, tablets, it’s getting crushed. However, Microsoft has maintained its enormous lead on the desktop. Investment value over time If you invested US$1,000 in each company’s stock on Jan. 3, 2000, what would you have ended up with in April 2011?Accounting for stock splits and, in Microsoft’s case, dividends, but excluding taxes and broker’s fees, you would have US$2,072 from Microsoft stock and US$13,294 from Apple stock. And if you had invested US$1,000 in each company on May 26 last year, your App le stock would have been worth US$1,427 in mid-April, compared with US$1,033 for your Microsoft stock. Bottom line: Apple has been by far the superior investment over the past decade. Revenue Microsoft’s fiscal year 2006 revenue was more than double Apple’s FY ’06 revenue: US$44. 3 billion to US$19. 3 billion. What has happened since?Apple’s revenues have more than tripled, while Microsoft’s have grown by less than 50 percent. Bottom line: Apple’s fiscal year 2010 revenue edged Microsoft’s, US$65. 2 billion to US$62. 5 billion. (Note: Microsoft’s fiscal year is July through June, and Apple’s is October through September. ) Profits Microsoft’s profits were six times larger than Apple’s in their respective 2006 fiscal years. Apple’s net income has subsequently grown sevenfold, while Microsoft’s has increased roughly 50 percent. (Sharon Machlis) Bottom line: While Microsoft still generates more p rofits than Apple, the gap has narrowed significantly.If current trends continued – a big if – Apple would likely top Microsoft’s profits in a couple of years. Number of employees Microsoft still employs substantially more people than Apple does, although the size of Microsoft’s workforce has dropped a bit, from 93,000 in 2009 to 89,000 in 2010. Apple’s reported headcount has been rising, with a significant jump from 34,300 in 2009 to 46,600 in 2010. Bottom line: Apple’s revenue per employee at the end of its 2010 fiscal year was substantially higher than Microsoft’s: US$1. 4 million versus US$702,000.Likewise, Apple’s profits per employee were US$300,429, compared with US$211,236 for Microsoft. So how do they stack up overall? Opinions aside, Apple has impressed investors much more than Microsoft has, despite the latter’s considerably larger size and continued dominance on the desktop. Apple’s recent ability to c reate category-changing (or category-creating) devices such as the iPhone and the iPad –as it did with the iPod several years earlier – appears to carry much more weight than Microsoft’s assured, steady income stream from a maturing market.However, experts do expect Microsoft to overtake Apple in the Smartphone market. Bottom line: Those of us who thought a year ago that Apple might be overvalued have been proven wrong †¦ so far. Conclusion Which Company do people prefer? After all the analysis it can be understood from this study that a lot of reason and authentic facts impact on specific company and buyer’s decision. There is always a continuous rivalry between the two companies, but the most important thing to consider before buying a computer is the purpose it will serve.Microsoft primarily makes its profits from business to business, which mainly consists of selling licenses to its operating system to computer manufacturers and office suites for enterprises. On the other hand, Apple is primarily a consumer company, and makes most of its profit selling hardware, like its iPod music players and Mac computers. This makes the target of Apple’s site much clearer — marketing, selling and providing support for its products to consumers. (Andy M. Zaky) If you’re looking at usability alone, Apple comes out ahead.They have a better designed homepage that offers less choice, which means the user needs to think less. They have consistent navigation across all of their pages. They use a lot of white space and sub-headings to make everything more readable, yet they keep things simple by not overusing too many different text treatments. The Apple site is generally more user friendly and offers a much better experience to consumers who use it to check out Apple’s latest products. Having said this, the Apple website is much smaller in scale than Microsoft’s site.Unlike Apple, Microsoft hosts many differen t sites and sections under the Microsoft. com brand, creating a whole ecosystem of sub-sites. Each site is packed with information and the live powered search that Microsoft offers tends to yield good results. The biggest problem for Microsoft is consistency. (Dmitry Fadeyev). In a nutshell, both companies need some area to improve to fit for customer wants, to give customers master product and to provide consistency in telecommunication originations. BIBLIOGRAPHY WEBSITES Suhail M (2009)-Apple vs Pc: What is better?Available: http://ezinearticles. com/? Apple-Vs-PC—What-is-Better? &id=4337642 visited: 25th September 2011 Admin (2010)-Why Do People Like Apple Computers So Much? Available: http://www. asiaosc. org/why-do-people-like-apple-computers-so-much. html visited: 3rd october 2012 Dmitry Fadeyev (2009)-Apple vs. Microsoft: A website usability study. Available: http://www. webdesignerdepot. com/2009/05/apple-vs-microsoft-a-website-usability-study/ visited: 28th October 2 012 Andy M. Zaky (2010)- Apple closes in on Microsoft revenue race. Available: http://tech. fortune. cnn. om/2010/07/19/apple-closes-in-on-microsoft-in-revenue-race/ visited: 28th October 2012 Sharon Machils (2011)- Analysis: Apple versus Microsoft – by the numbers. Available: http://www. macworld. com. au/blogs/analysis-apple-versus-microsoft-by-the-numbers-28800/ visited: 29th November 2012 Journals Thurrott P. (2005) – Microsoft: The inside Story (Penton Media) Furgason N. (2009) (Feb) – T3: Tomorows Technology Today (issue 48) ISSN-1364-2640 MSJ – Microsoft System Journal Publisher: Microsoft (1986) Books Allan Roy A. (2001) A History of The Personnel Computer Allan Publishing ISBN 0968910807 Iceboat, Daniel, and Susan L.Knepper, (1991) The Making of Microsoft: How Bill Gates and His Team Created the World's Most Successful Software Company, Rocklin, Calif. : Prima Publishing, p. 304 Price R. (1987). So Far: The First Ten Years of a Vision. Apple Comp uter. ISBN-  978-1-55693-974-7. Creswell J. W. (2003) Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. APPENDIX-1 Interview Questions The following questions will be asked by the interviewer to the respondent, which will aid study in finding out which of two companies’ most people prefer. Which company do you prefer, Microsoft or Apple? * Why do you prefer the company you have chosen? * What are the advantages and disadvantages of the company you have selected? * In your opinion, which company has a greater market share? * Which product do you widely use in your environment? * Have you ever faced major barriers in your company? Explain. * Who are your major competitors? * What advice would you give to weaker companies? How can they improve in order to attract customers, regain lost customers and retain present customers? APPENDIX 2(A) APPENDIX 2(B) APPENDIX 2(C)